Sample Standard Deviation Example Problem

This is a simple example of how to calculate sample variance and sample standard deviation. First, lets review the steps for calculating the sample standard deviation: Calculate the mean (simple average of the numbers).For each number: subtract the mean. Square the result.Add up all of the squared results.Divide this sum by one less than the number of data points (N - 1). This gives you the sample variance.Take the square root of this value to obtain the sample standard deviation. Example Problem You grow 20 crystals from a solution and measure the length of each crystal in millimeters. Here is your data: 9, 2, 5, 4, 12, 7, 8, 11, 9, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 4, 10, 9, 6, 9, 4 Calculate the sample standard deviation of the length of the crystals. Calculate the mean of the data. Add up all the numbers and divide by the total number of data points.(925412781193741254109694) / 20 140/20 7Subtract the mean from each data point (or the other way around, if you prefer... you will be squaring this number, so it does not matter if it is positive or negative).(9 - 7)2 (2)2 4(2 - 7)2 (-5)2 25(5 - 7)2 (-2)2 4(4 - 7)2 (-3)2 9(12 - 7)2 (5)2 25(7 - 7)2 (0)2 0(8 - 7)2 (1)2 1(11 - 7)2 (4)22 16(9 - 7)2 (2)2 4(3 - 7)2 (-4)22 16(7 - 7)2 (0)2 0(4 - 7)2 (-3)2 9(12 - 7)2 (5)2 25(5 - 7)2 (-2)2 4(4 - 7)2 (-3)2 9(10 - 7)2 (3)2 9(9 - 7)2 (2)2 4(6 - 7)2 (-1)2 1(9 - 7)2 (2)2 4(4 - 7)2 (-3)22 9Calculate the mean of the squared differences.(4254925011641609254994149) / 19 178/19 9.368This value is the sample variance. The sample variance is 9.368The population standard deviation is the square root of the variance. Use a calculator to obtain this number.(9.368)1/2 3.061The population standard deviation is 3.061 Compare this with the variance and population standard deviation for the same data.

Essay about Greek Politics - 5547 Words

Greek Politics At the foundation of the widely differing systems devised by democratic peoples, there is one essential conviction, expressed in the word democracy itself: that power should be in the hands of the people. Although democracy today has been slightly inefficient in this idea, with the wealthy, elite class challenging this right, â€Å"it nevertheless claims for itself a fundamental validity that no other kind of society shares†¦.† To completely understand the structure of democracy, one must return to the roots of the practice itself, and examine the origins in ancient Greece, the expansion in the Roman Empire, and how these practices combined make what we recognize as today’s democratic government. Democracy†¦show more content†¦The polis encompassed a group of men deemed to be equal. In contrast to tribal or feudal societies, ancient Athens boasted no priestly class. The males who made up the citizen body participated in the face-to-face, directl y democratic politics of the city-state, not merely by voting but also by speaking in the assembly and by serving themselves through active and intimate interaction with others. The experience of being a member of a self-governing citizen body was a process of â€Å"individuation,† of reflection on the connection between social order and social demands and the aims of individuals. It prompted reflection about the means of reconciling the conflict between private and public avenues. Participation in the politics of democratic Greece was an extenuation of the menial status of the people. This held true because the polis expressed not merely the material interests of those who ruled and were ruled, but also their freedom and their nobility. The realization of one’s purposes within the polis demanded that one be an active citizen. 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Macbeth †Notes on Elements of the Gothic in the play Free Essays

* An Elizabethan audience would have been genuinely terrified by the events on stage as they believed that witches did exist, murder by witchcraft was made punishable in 1563 thus demonstrating that people during this era believed witches were real and had magical powers. * The theme of equivocation is used by Shakespeare to highlight the witch’s evil nature; they use words with double meanings to confuse and disorientate Macbeth’s thoughts and cause a conflict in his mind (between good and evil). * â€Å"the weird sisters† – whilst also meaning strange the word weird is derived from the old English ‘wyrd’ which means fate or destiny, fate is often characterised as 3 old women. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth – Notes on Elements of the Gothic in the play or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Transformation * Macbeth is promoted to Thane of Cawdor by King Duncan, the audience have yet to meet Macbeth when Duncan makes this decision thus an impression of Macbeth as an honourable man is formed. The significance of this promotion is that Macbeth goes through a transformation from a brave soldier to a higher ranking, and more noble, position. * Macbeth’s dramatic change in character is amplified in act 3 scene one as he attempts to annihilate Banquo, his close friend who he held in high respect at the start of the play. As the play progresses there is a steady breakdown of Macbeth’s identity, causing him to be â€Å"not himself† by the end. A blurring of fantasy and reality * The line between fantasy and reality becomes blurred; the pinnacle point of this is in act two scene two after Macbeth enters from the murder. His piece of mind has been shattered as he feels that he has â€Å"murdered sleep†, there is no escape from his evil deeds as he has now become trapped in a living nightmare. To Macbeth (who comes over almost trance-like) he is just as vulnerable awake as asleep and to sleep would be too difficult because his mind has become corrupt with evil thoughts. (Macbeth becomes slightly hysterical during this scene as he struggles to make sense of what is happening to him, this is also an aspect of disorder) * â€Å"Is this a dagger which I see before me† – Macbeth appears tormented by his violent actions, which induce his tragic fall, it is after the murder of the king that he slowly evolves into a mad man who feels out of control with his mental state, it is corrupted thoughts that lead him to become power obsessed and thus a murderous, villainous man, his many delusions add to mounting suspense. (This also has links to transformation – transformation of the mind) Significant use of setting * Act one scene one opens with â€Å"Thunder and lightning† suggesting that the witches, who have gathered to talk about Macbeth, are somewhere outside. * The play is introduced as dark and dangerous, evil is introduced through the stormy weather that symbolises the disorder to come. * In act two scene four Ross and an old man talk about the stormy night, symbolising disruption in the kingdom, there is definite mystery as the location of the conversation is unclear, conversation takes place somewhere â€Å"outside the castle†. * â€Å"A camp near the battlefield† is the setting in act one scene two; a battlefield is a place where many people die, later in the play Macbeth becomes a murderer killing several people for un-just reasons. The king discusses the bravery shown by Macbeth and decides to reward him with the title Thane of Cawdor, he is being rewarded for killing here which could be a slight element of foreshadowing of his ability to kill for his own ends (merciless man). How to cite Macbeth – Notes on Elements of the Gothic in the play, Papers

Strategic Planning Netflixs Current Generic Strategy

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Planning for Netflixs Current Generic Strategy. Answer: Introduction Strategic planning is the process that is systematic in envisioning a desired future and converting this vision into widely outlined goals or objectives and a series of steps meant to accomplish them (Doyle, 2011). It involves decision making in allocating its available resources to pursue their set strategy (Simerson, 2011). This paper will focus on identifying Netflix's current strategy and spot the current approach zone of Netflix and Sky TV and explain the reasons for the choice using a strategy clock. It will also compare and contrast the two rivals' strategies and elucidate the various methods in which there can be more along the strategy clock to gain a competitive advantage over each other. Netflixs Current Generic Strategy The major generic business strategy used by the firm is low cost or simply the overall cost leadership. The company provides its services at a price that is less than what any of the rivalries can offer at that moment. It is important to note that Netflix joined the market with the objective aimed at providing services at the lowest cost possible and enhanced efficiency. The company services are regarded as unique and innovative in the marketplace. They include enabled download of movies by consumers directly at home which eradicates any wait time at all and the creation of the market that suit the customers' needs. Illustration of the Current Strategy Zone of Netflix And Sky TV Using Bowmans Strategy Clock Strategy clock refers to a model that is used in marketing to analyze and evaluate the competitive state of a company by comparing the efforts given by competitors (Twyford, 2012). Bowman's strategy clock is in a better position to illustrate the approach zone of the two firms because it provides a comprehensive diagrammatic representation of the various strategic options used by business to navigate the customer value map (Thomas, 2009). Netflix Strategies New content acquisition (6): it is expected to raise its spending on the content acquisition and to invest in real estate to build their studios. Technology advancement (5): the company is strengthening its tech infrastructure to allow for massive streaming. Data analytics (7): the data is used to create predictability into a similar content arrangement. It is done based on the final pricing of timeframe and exclusivity of the content which is also determined. Line extensions (8): Netflix is partnering with global companies especially hotels to provide high-speed content free from interruptions on hotel televisions. Differentiation (4): its services are perceived to be unique and innovative because of its frequent upgrading of the store and online rental services among others. Overall leadership cost (1): they provide their services at a relatively lower price compared to their competitors (Jacobsen, 2009). Large entry barriers (3): Netflix has introduced shipping facilities to enable them to reach the customers in just one business day. Sky TV Strategies High content (2): have invested in delivering the best variety of content across the portfolio of services. Market leading innovation (3): they harness modern technology for the purpose of offering consumers the best viewing experience regardless of their location. A customer focus (5): Sky TV are led by consumers on what they require by use of expertise in service delivery. Driving efficiency (1): focuses on operating efficiencies thus consistently lowering costs. Scaling nearby businesses (6): aims at opportunities in other sectors to grow revenue. Selling more to customers (4): aims at expanding the variety of services and products to promote sales Increasing pay TV penetration (8): they use the headroom for pay for growth to satisfy customer needs. Investing for the long term (7): helps to create a business which is long-lasting. Comparison of Netflix and Sky TV Strategies Both the two firms have used the strategies which focus on customer needs in ensuring that they are adequately addressed. For instance, Sky TV use their expertise in service delivery. On the other hand, Netflix uses data analytics to determine the most desirable content for customers. They also engage in investments to increase their capital base. The Sky TV is investing in long-term projects to establish strong businesses while Netflix is working on developing its studios. Driving efficiency and overall leadership cost compare as well. The Sky TV aims at consistently reducing costs to improve customers welfare. Netflix uses the strategy of low costs to offer services at relatively low prices than its competitors (Ogbonna, 2006) Sky TV strategy of markets leading innovation compares to Netflix's technological advancement plan. They aim at enhancing the viewing experience and massive streaming for customers. The Contrast of the Strategies Netflix uses significant entry barriers by introducing shipping facilities for the purpose of attending to customers conveniently in a single day. On the other hand, Sky TV uses growing pay TV penetration to ensure maximum access by clients in a day using a combination of cable and satellites. Netflix is focusing on the production of differentiation by providing unique products and services while Sky TV strategy of selling to more customers aims at increasing sales to their current portfolio of clients. How the Two Firms Can Gain Competitive Advantage over Each Other Either of the company may choose to move to the west by reducing price levels thus placing its products in a high position because it is above the old value (Roosa, 2016) Moving North by increasing customer value perceptions through more efficient market signaling and communication (Steiner, 2014) Moving North West also increases value and lowers price hence the only move that guarantees significant market share. Bibliography Doyle, C. (2011). A dictionary of marketing. New York: Oxford University Press. Jacobsen, M.-L. (2009). The art of retail buying: An insider's guide to the best practices of the industry. Singapore: John Wiley Sons. Ogbonna, E. (2006). Strategic Direction. Iniating strategic planning, 22(5). Roosa, S. (2016). Strategic Planning For Energy And The Environment. From the Editor: Strategic Planning, 5-7. Simerson, B. (2011). Strategic planning: A practical guide to strategy formulation and execution. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger. Simerson, B. (2011). Strategic planning: A practical guide to strategy formulation and execution. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger. Steiner, G. (2014). Strategic Planning. Free Pree. Twyford, L. (2012). Strategic planning (1 ed.). Adelaide: Law Society of South Australia.